Ghost consultant
Statutory definition
IRPA s 91 restricts the representation of persons in immigration proceedings to authorised representatives: RCICs, lawyers, Quebec notaries, and paralegal/consulting students under supervision. Section 91(9) makes it an offence to counsel, represent, or advise persons in immigration matters for consideration without being an authorised representative. The CICC Act also makes it an offence for any person not registered with the CICC to hold themselves out as a consultant or to provide immigration advice for a fee.
Explanation
Ghost consulting is a pervasive problem in the Canadian immigration system, particularly in communities with high immigration demand and limited access to regulated professionals. Ghost consultants often misrepresent qualifications, overcharge, and submit incomplete or fraudulent applications. Clients who use ghost consultants may face application refusals, misrepresentation findings, or inadmissibility — with no recourse against the consultant. If a ghost consultant is identified, IRCC may void the application and bar the applicant from reapplying for a period.