Enforcement of removal orders
Statutory definition
IRPA s 48 provides that a removal order that is in force must be enforced as soon as reasonably practicable. Section 48(2) requires the person to cooperate with CBSA in obtaining travel documents and to take all reasonable steps to comply. CBSA may obtain travel documents from the person's country of nationality. Non-cooperation with removal is a separate ground of inadmissibility under IRPA s 41.
Explanation
Removal is the final step in the enforcement process. Once all domestic remedies are exhausted and no stay is in place, CBSA will arrange removal. CBSA enforces removal using commercial flights (the person is escorted to the gate or may travel unescorted depending on risk assessment), CBSA charter aircraft for group removals, or land border removals for US-bound persons. Persons who have been removed and wish to return must obtain an ARC (for deportation orders) or wait out the bar period (for exclusion orders).